Liberty and independence as a researcher

research
tools
open science
digital
Author

Stéphane Tuffier

Published

June 12, 2025

The Internet and digital tools are evolving rapidly and can affect our work as researchers. More than ever, we need to reflect on the tools we use to avoid being locked in by large corporations and to maintain our independence.

Here are some trends we should be worried about:

Concentration of power in the hand of the few

A very small number of company control the majority of software that we use everyday. We have collectively allowed them to have such a dominant position, often for no real reason.

The GAFAM (Microsoft, Google, Meta, and others) have changed their policies to massively collect and use any data to train their AI. Their power comes from controlling this data, all gathered in one place, which they can use as they wish. Once our data is in their data centers, we basically have no rights over it anymore. Despite the GDPR and recent court cases, many audits have shown that there is no guarantee that data produced in the EU will not be transferred outside, even when there are written agreements.

Recent attacks by Trump on U.S. institutions, such as the NIH, CDC, EPA, and other research institutions, are threatening datasets of public interest, like remote sensing data from NASA, public NHS studies data, or the PubMed database.

Alternatives clouds service and social networks

Alternatives to the GAFAM services are plenty. The European Union makes it easy and has listed many of them, categorized by type. They are all hosted in the EU and their compliance with GDPR is clearly stated. The list is accessible on european-alternatives.eu.

Among the listed alternatives here are some that I use frequently:

  • Nextcloud, a very robust alternative to all the drive services. Very simple and nice to use. It can be self-hosted on any server as the code of the application is open-source. I used for many years a instance hosted in France and managed by Zaclys, a non profit association, for 12 euros per year (a small price for a privacy friendly storage).

  • For web search, it’s possible to avoid google with alternative like DuckDuckGo or Qwant. There are even fully configurable search engine like Kagi, which offer a wide options to tailor you search results to your expectations.

  • For news, Google news feed mostly promotes content and keeps you in the bubble identified by its algorithm. However, it’s easy to take back control with RSS service, where you can manually subscribe to news and website of interests.

  • For social networks, with the takeover of Twitter by Elon Musk, people have realized the dangers of centralized platforms. Any network relying on centralized data centers, like Bluesky, will always be at risk of manipulation simply because users do not control the algorithms used to create post feeds. On the other hand, Mastodon and all Fediverse platforms require more investment to get started, which can be discouraging. However, users have full control over their feeds.

Alternative desktop applications

On your desktop, there is also many alternative to the GAFAM software.

  • Libre Office is a very viable alternative to Microsoft Office. For graphics, Gimp and Inkscape can easily replace Adobe Photoshop or Illustrator. I recommend testing them for a few days and you will probably adopt them.

  • For web browser, their is no real alternative to Google Chrome, which is embed in almost all browsers, including Safari or Edge. Firefox, and Mozilla, is the only one to maintain their own web rendering engine. Historically they have been very strict in protection user privacy. However recent strategic and developments choices have undermined the foundation aims to fully respect user privacy.

  • For data analysis, R and python are much more power-full and versatile than older software like SAS or Stata.

Shifting to Linux

The ultimate step one can take is to switch from Windows or macOS to Linux. Linux offers a high degree of customization and robust security features. Considering the large number of distributions, or different flavors of Linux, such as Ubuntu, Fedora, or Pop!_OS, anyone can have a system that suits their needs.

Ultimately, every individual and institution should self-host as many open-source cloud services as possible. In the end, we always need to balance privacy, price, and ease of use.

After using Fedora for many years on my personal computers, I found myself very annoyed by the forced migration to Windows 11 on my professional laptop. The computer feels very slow, with issues like constant high RAM usage, slow program startup, and endless bugs in Teams, Word, and Excel.

After some negotiation with the IT department, I decided to install Linux on it. I will post details of all the steps in a series of posts.